If you’re looking for a new winter activity, cross-country skiing should definitely be on your list of things to try.

Cross-country skiing is somewhat of a leisure sport like hiking or snowshoeing. It’s a fun way to travel through the snow and experience snowy winter views while getting in a little exercise. Although your first descent on cross-country skis may be a bit of a thrill, cross-country skiing is not an action sport like downhill skiing. It has a slower pace and less of a risk-taking factor. Here, we’ll go over all of the basics you might want to know before setting out on your first cross-country skiing adventure.

What is Cross-Country Skiing?

Cross-country skiing, sometimes called nordic skiing, is simply skiing on somewhat flat ground. It differs from downhill or “resort” skiing because it’s typically done at a slower pace where you are the main force moving yourself forward instead of a steep slope. That being said, there are a range of different trail types and levels for varying difficulty, just like downhill skiing.

There are two main types of cross-country skiing: classic skiing and skate skiing. Classic skiing is the easier of the two because it mimics a similar motion to walking. On classic cross-country skis, you can simply shuffle your skis forward to move. This makes cross-country skiing fairly straightforward for most beginners.

Skate skiing, on the other hand, mimics a similar motion to ice skating. This type of skiing allows you to push your skis out to the side and use the edges to push yourself forward. It can take a little more getting used to and it allows skiers to get going much faster.

Gear

First, you’ll (of course) need skis. However, cross-country skis are different from downhill skis in that they are generally longer, skinnier, and lighter-weight. They often don’t turn or stop as well (because they are not meant for those things) and are designed for ascents, descents, and flat, groomed terrain — whereas downhill skis are specifically made to go downhill.

If you are buying cross-country skis it’s important to note that there are differences between classic skis and skate skis, so you should make sure you’re buying the right skis for whichever activity you prefer. If you’re renting, the rental shop will be able to set you up with the correct ones.

You’ll also need boots and bindings that are compatible with one another. Some brands use different boot/binding systems than others and they don’t always cross over, so it’s important to make sure your boots and bindings use the same system. You may also want to consider manual or automatic bindings. Manual bindings require you to reach down to lock or release your boots whereas automatic bindings allow you to ‘click in’ from a standing position and release using your ski pole (similar to downhill ski bindings).

You’ll also want to use poles to help with both stability as well as pushing through flat spots and uphill sections on cross-country skis. Cross-country ski poles are typically longer than downhill ski poles and are usually made of either aluminum (which makes them heavier) or carbon (which makes them lighter). They will have a basket on the bottom which is typically a circle or semi-circle shape that keeps your poles from sinking into the snow.

Trails

Cross-country ski trails are typically groomed and fairly flat. They are often wide and fairly straight (or with wide turns) since cross-country skis are not meant for making sharp turns. Many even have tracks (two depletions in the snow) that you can put your skis in and follow for the entire trail. Some people also enjoy cross-country skiing “off-track” on snow-covered hiking trails that have been packed down by hikers, snowshoers, and cross country skiers. Tracked trails are typically rated using the same system as downhill skiing. Green circle signs indicate beginner-level trails, blue squares indicate intermediate trails, and black diamonds indicate advanced trails.

Trail Etiquette

There is important trail etiquette that you should probably know before heading out on your first cross-country skiing adventure.

First, if you’re on a one-way trail, make sure you only go in the proper direction. If you’re on a two-way trail, keep in mind that uphill skiers yield to downhill skiers because downhill skiers often have less control. Similar to driving, if someone behind you is moving at a faster pace, you should step aside and let them pass before continuing. Also, do your best to preserve the tracks. If you accidentally fall, try to fill in any hole you caused with snow before continuing.

What to Wear and Pack

Other than the addition of skis, boots, and poles, you’ll want to prepare similarly to how you would for any other winter adventure.

Dress in layers. You should have a moisture-wicking base layer like merino wool that will keep you dry. Then, an insulating layer like a fleece or down jacket to retain heat. Lastly, a water and windproof shell that will protect you from the elements. You’ll also want to wear a hat, gloves, wool socks, and a neck gaiter to cover your face from any cold wind.

You should also always bring plenty of food, water, and safety equipment. Make sure to pack The Ten Essentials in addition to extra layers. If it’s going to be sunny out, you may also want sunscreen and sunglasses to protect your skin and eyes from the sun reflecting off the bright snow.

Where to Cross-Country Ski

There are lots of places you can cross-country ski. Basically any trail that is snow-covered, fairly flat, wide, and packed down will do, although it will be easier to start on something that is groomed and has tracks. Try searching for the nearest nordic center. Nordic centers often rent out both snowshoes and cross-country skis and have or are near cross-country ski trails. Some downhill ski resorts also have nordic centers. Wherever you choose to go, make sure to familiarize yourself with the area, carry the proper navigation equipment, and let someone know where you’re going. Enjoy!